International investment position, Canadian direct investment abroad and foreign direct investment in Canada, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and region, annual
Annual stock positions of Canadian direct investment abroad (CDIA) and foreign direct investment in Canada (FDI) by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) sector and broad partner region from 1999 to 2025.
About this dataset
- 43 NAICS industrial sectors, subsectors, and macroeconomic aggregates
- 9 partner regions and continental aggregates (including US, Europe, Asia/Oceania)
- 6 investment position types (Total book value, equity, and net debt for both CDIA and FDI)
- Annual reference periods from 1999 to 2025
- Market value valuation of direct investment (available at aggregate national level only)
- Ultimate investing country attribution by industry (recorded on immediate basis; see Table 36-10-0445)
- Granular 4-digit and 5-digit NAICS industry codes (confidentiality suppression limits detail)
- Detailed country-level cross-tabulations by industry (available only at broad continental/regional level to protect confidentiality)
Measurement notes
- Direct investment requires a 10% or greater voting equity threshold representing a lasting interest and managerial influence.
- Management of companies and enterprises (NAICS 55) captures holding companies through which foreign parents channel operating funds.
- Equity comprises common and preferred shares, contributed surplus, and accumulated retained earnings.
- Net debt represents intercompany lending between corporate parents and foreign affiliates.
- Values are expressed at book value and are not adjusted for inflation or currency fluctuations at market rates.
| Metric | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Temporal Span | 1999 – 2025 | 27 consecutive annual stock balance periods |
| Total Observations | 33,243 | Complete cross-tabulation of NAICS industries and regions |
| Valid (Non-null) Values | 24,574 (73.9%) | Remaining cells suppressed for confidentiality |
| NAICS Sectors / Categories | 43 | Broad sectors, detailed manufacturing subsectors, and special aggregates |
| Geographic Aggregates | 9 | Total all countries, US, Europe, Asia/Oceania, Latin America, etc. |
| Investment Position Types | 6 | Book value, equity, and net debt for both CDIA and FDI |
| Valuation Currency / Scale | CAD Millions (Book Value) | IMF BPM6 standards on an immediate country and industry basis |
| NAICS Sector | 2000 | 2002 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2020 | 2022 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mining and oil and gas extraction | |||||||||||||
| Utilities | |||||||||||||
| Construction | |||||||||||||
| Manufacturing | |||||||||||||
| Wholesale trade | |||||||||||||
| Retail trade | |||||||||||||
| Transportation and warehousing | |||||||||||||
| Information and cultural industries | |||||||||||||
| Finance and insurance | |||||||||||||
| Real estate and rental and leasing | |||||||||||||
| Professional, scientific and technical services | |||||||||||||
| Management of companies and enterprises |
Observations
- Canada solidifies permanent net direct investment asset exporter status — NOTES.md: Net direct position crossover
- CDIA reaches $2.43T CAD; FDI reaches $1.60T CAD — NOTES.md: 2025 stock milestone
- Services overtake goods as majority recipient of inward FDI — NOTES.md: Structural service transition
- Services represent 70.6% ($1.13T CAD) of inward FDI — NOTES.md: 2025 services share
- Equity represents 88.4% ($1.41T CAD) of inward FDI stock — NOTES.md: Equity dominance in direct investment
Analytical Note: The Surge in Management of Companies (NAICS 55)
Since the early 2000s, inward foreign direct investment into Canada has undergone a massive reorientation from traditional resource extraction and heavy manufacturing toward holding companies and corporate headquarters classified under NAICS 55 ('Management of companies and enterprises'). In 2025, NAICS 55 held $524.8 billion CAD (32.8% of all inward FDI), having surpassed manufacturing in 2012. Analysts should note that NAICS 55 frequently represents intermediate holding structures through which foreign parents channel capital before reallocating it to operating subsidiaries across multiple domestic industries.
Methodology: BPM6 Standards & NAICS Concordance
Statistics Canada compiles Table 36-10-0009-01 according to the International Monetary Fund's Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6) and OECD benchmark definitions. Direct investment requires an equity threshold of 10% or more of voting power. Data are recorded at book value (historical acquisition cost adjusted for depreciation and retained earnings) on an immediate investing partner basis. Sector classifications adhere to NAICS 2017/2022 standards. Confidentiality provisions of the Statistics Act suppress cells where individual corporate identifiers could be deduced.
Notes
Inward FDI is heavily led by corporate holding companies (NAICS 55: $524.8B, 32.8%) and manufacturing ($258.3B), while outward CDIA is dominated by finance & insurance ($845.1B, 34.8%), with services accounting for 70.6% of inward FDI and 81.8% of outward CDIA.
Validation Checks
External: $2,428.9 billion CAD (Statistics Canada The Daily (2026-04-29): 'Foreign direct investment, 2025')
Exact match: table reports $2,428,900M CAD for CDIA total book value under Total all industries and Total all countries in 2025.
External: $1,600.5 billion CAD (Statistics Canada The Daily (2026-04-29): 'Foreign direct investment, 2025')
Exact match: table reports $1,600,470M CAD for FDI total book value under Total all industries and Total all countries in 2025.
External: $524.8 billion CAD (32.8%) (Statistics Canada The Daily (2026-04-29): 'Foreign direct investment, 2025')
Exact match: table reports $524,847M CAD for NAICS 55 under FDI total book value in 2025 (524,847 / 1,600,470 = 32.79%).
External: $845.1 billion CAD (34.8%) (Statistics Canada The Daily (2026-04-29): 'Foreign direct investment, 2025')
Exact match: table reports $845,069M CAD for NAICS 52 under CDIA total book value in 2025 (845,069 / 2,428,900 = 34.79%).
External: $258.3 billion CAD (16.1%) (Statistics Canada The Daily (2026-04-29): 'Foreign direct investment, 2025')
Exact match: table reports $258,253M CAD for Manufacturing [31-33] under FDI total book value in 2025 (258,253 / 1,600,470 = 16.14%).